Match numerals to counted collections.
Students strengthen the link between spoken number words, written numerals, and quantities they can see, count, and check.
Use quick routines that ask students to count collections, match numerals to quantities, and explain how they know the quantity is correct.
Compare which number is more or less.
Students build fluency comparing numbers and explaining which value is greater, smaller, or the same.
Show two numerals, ask for the comparison sentence, then use a representation to prove the comparison. For Year 1, extend the routine to two-digit numbers and place-value reasoning.
Find numbers before, after, and between.
Students strengthen the ordered structure of the counting sequence and learn to locate numbers around a gap.
Use number tracks, oral counting, hundreds charts, and short sequence tasks that require students to justify the number that belongs in the gap.
Break numbers into parts and recombine them.
Students learn that numbers can be made and remade in parts, supporting later addition, subtraction, and flexible calculation.
Use ten-frames, counters, fingers, and part-part-whole language to practise making the same total in more than one way.
Estimate where numbers belong on a number line.
Students connect number names and numerals to approximate positions, supporting a more continuous sense of quantity.
Use bounded number-line routines with endpoints and midpoint anchors, then ask students to justify placements with comparison and distance language.
Build flexible addition fact strategies.
Students build accurate, flexible addition facts and connect counting-on, part-part-whole, and place-value strategies.
Model addition strategies explicitly, use worked examples, and provide short practice that asks students to explain the strategy used.
Connect subtraction to difference and missing parts.
Students strengthen subtraction as take-away, difference, and missing-addend thinking, linked to known addition facts.
Use explicit routines with representations and equations, then move to supported practice that compares subtraction strategies.
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